The score were expressed as absolute points and as percentage ratios of the values for normal shoulders of age and sex-matched subjects.
The patients were examined according to the original protocol established by Constant and Murley for all parameters.
Translation was classified into five categories ranging from no movement to frank dislocation based on the perceived position of the center of the humeral head in relation to the glenoid rim.
The rotator cuff was carefully scrutinized for the presence of any thinning, irregularity, calcification.
Incomplete tears of the rotator cuff were divided into three types according to the location of the tear; ....
The condition of the labrum was noted by assessing whether it was normal, frayed detachment or absent.
The classification of sports as collision, limited contact, or noncontact was used to describe the sport of the injury.
These athletic injuries are of two clearly definable types; (1) and (2).
The criteria for the diagnosis of impingement of the subacromial arch included…….
The criteria for GradeIII UCL injury is laxity in excess of 35°and/or 15°more than the contralateral thumb with the metacarpophalangeal joint in 30°of flexion to relax the volar plate.
The extent of the lesion was recorded using the face of the clock for orientation. The anterior portion of the biceps origin was at the 12-o'clock position, the anterior sulcus was at the 3-o'clock position, and the direct inferior portion of the glenoid was at the 6-o'clock position.
The motion that is involved in pitching a baseball was divided into five stage: A, B, C, D, and E.
Group 1 consisted of patients who selected nonoperative treatment.
The subjective evaluation included 27 questions assessing pain，associated symptoms, and function for preoperative and current status and a question on overall satisfaction.
Postoperative factors evaluated were: stability, pain, strength, motion, and rapidity of return in strength motion, and ability to perform at the previous level of competition.
We divided the players into groups by age (＜16, N = 12; 16 to 18, N = 12; ＞18, N = 15 ) and years of tournament play (＜6, N = 8; 6 to 9, N = 14; ＞9, N= 17 ).
To avoid discrepancies resulting from a different training status，categorization by a single expert observer (senior author) was chosen for this study.
finally, patients were again graded according to the modified McGowan score.
A result was graded as excellent if the patient had restoration of stability, full strength (pinch and grip), no pain, and return to full functional and sports activity. A patient with a good result demonstrated restoration of stability, occasional mild discomfort, and the ability to participate at the previous level of activity, despite less than full strength. A patient with a poor result was unable to perform at the previous level of functional or sports activity and/or did not achieve restoration of stability.
According to this 100-point system, 35 points is assigned for the subjective evaluation of the shoulder and 65 points, for the objective functional evaluation. In the subjective evaluation, a maximum of 15 points is assigned for absence of pain (with 0 points indicating severe pain and 15 points, no pain); a maximum of 4 points each, for the ability to perform activities of daily living and recreational activities; and 2 points, for undisturbed sleep.
Pain and function are each rated on a scale of 1 to 10 points, with 10 points being the best score.
Translation of the humeral head on the glenoid was graded from 1+ to 3+.
Assessment was according to Neer's method, which allocates 35 points for pain, 30 for function, 25 for range of movement.
Abnormalities of the rotator cuff were classified as no abnormality, a partial-thickness tear ranging from one to three millimeters in depth, a partial-thickness tear measuring four millimeters or more, or a full-thickness tear.
An excellent result has over 89 points and failure has below 70 points.
Statistical analysisに関する表現（レシピ②）
The strengths of the two techniques were compared using a paired t-test.
A paired t-test was used to compare the differences in range of motion, stability, and humeral head retroversion for the dominant versus nondominant shoulders of each subject.
95% exact confidence intervals were calculated.
Chi-square tests were performed to correlate patient outcome with labral and glenohumeral ligament injury patterns, patient characteristics, associated intraarticular lesions, and the arthroscopic procedures used to treat these lesions.
finally, a regression model was used to correlate poor outcome with the following variables.
The EMG data were averaged among subjects and expressed as mean and SD for muscle activity (%MMT) generated by each muscle during each test condition. A difference in mean muscle activation noted between variant test conditions or between other muscles tested in the same condition was evaluated statistically with the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical significant was established at p < 0.05.
A comparative review of the functional outcomes in patients older than and younger than 60 years was carried out.
A liner regression study was performed to investigate the correlation between shoulder flexion and age, as well as between Neer score and age.
Data are the arithmetic mean with standard error. Because of the low case number of some subgroups, data were considered to be nonparametric.
このページには、本書に収載した論文執筆に便利な英語センテンスを掲載してあります。是非ご利用下さい。